The following are ranked with the pesticides having the greatest ipm value listed firstthe most effective and least harmful to natural enemies, honey bees, and the environment are at the top of the table. Pdf first record of aphis craccivora koch hemiptera. Three or four poles can be used to form a tripod onto which the plants can be trained. Cultural measures can also be helpful, including removing volunteer and diseased groundnut and weeds, early planting, intercropping with other legumes and cereals, and crop rotation. Cowpea aphid black aphid aphis craccivora symptoms deformed leaves and shoots.
In the warmer months of the year, it is found in large numbers on the undersides of leaves and on the growing tips of host plants, including various agricultural crops and many wild and. This page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. The common bean can be bushy, vinelike or climbing depending on the variety being grown. The utilization of faba beans and their role in diets in sudan. It is a polyphagous species, with a marked preference for herbaceous leguminoseae. Protecting crops from bird damage blackbirds, gulls, geese, and other birds cause severe damage to sun. Insecta, hemimetabola, hemiptera, sternorrhyncha, aphidoidea, aphididae common name.
Wisconsin has had a wildlife damage program since 1931. Field evaluation of mineral oils for insect pests management. Bean poles should have a rough surface to help the plant to grip and should be 1. Aphis craccivora 1s best known as the vector of rosette virus in africa but is also the vector of peanut mottle virus pmv, which is a problem wherever groundnuts are grown f. Pdf evaluation of some plant materials as organic mulch for. The infestations of crops are always initiated by alate forms produced on preinfested plants. Study on the effectiveness of pesticides against cowpea aphid. It is one of the commonest aphid species in the tropics. Studies on the control of major insect pests and yield of. Biological activity of select plant and indigenous extracts. Aphids prefer to feed on young leaves, shoots, flowers and immature seed pods. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch ilse schreiner, ph. Being a reliable business entity, we produce and supply wide range of quality assured products which consists of gum arabic, watermelon seeds, whole toor pigeon peas, dried hibiscus flower.
The leaves grow alternately on the stems, are green or purple in color and are divided into 3 oval leaflets with smooth edges. Host odour preference of aphis craccivora journal of biopesticides 31 special issue 405 407 2010 405 olfactory response of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, to host odours and population of conspecifics j. It is particularly important on beans, peas, and groundnuts, but also attacks a broad range of other crops such as crucifers, cucurbits, beets, and cardamon. The aphid aphis craccivora was recorded on the crop of aronia, aronia melanocarpa, in montenegro, in june 2015 and 2016.
Assessment of field insect pests damage on cowpea in gombe. The cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, is considered to be one of the major pests. It has been implicated in the transmission of over 50 plant viruses. Evaluation of native soap local black soap for the. Nymphs dull greyish, lightly powdered biology it lives throughout the year without producing sexual forms. Twenty stands in the two middle rows of each crop were selected. Damage cowpea aphid injects a powerful toxin into the plant while feeding and, when their numbers are high, this can stunt or even kill plants. Different crop arrangements or diversification can be effective management strategies to control insect pests burgio et al. The plots treated with the synthetic insecticide, cypermethrin also recorded a very low population of a. Sciencedirect the damage risk evaluation of aphis gossypii on wheat by host shift and fitness comparison in wheat and cotton fan yinjun1, li fen1, abd allah a. The damage risk evaluation of aphis gossypii on wheat by. Frequency of application of four plant extracts in the.
Management is mainly dependent on use of tolerant varieties. Growers viewed most techniques for bird damage management as ineffective, or only slightly effective, and a majority of. Study on the effectiveness of pesticides against cowpea. Aphids aphis craccivora koch attack cowpea especially in the seedling. Aphis craccivora a polyphagous aphid species with a preference for fabaceae. Trials were conducted in kano, northern nigeria, during 1996 and 1997 cropping seasons to determine the influence of date of planting and two welltimed insecticides sprays on the incidence of major insect pests namely, the legume podborer, maruca vitrata fab.
Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including alfalfa, beans, chickpea, lentils, lupins and peanuts. Chemical, cultural, physical and biological methods, and use of plant. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are. Mohammed1, 2, yi xiaoqin1, zhang min1, nicolas desneux3, gao xiwu1 1 department of entomology, college of. Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and cause serious damage right from the seedling to pod bearing stage.
Homoptera is associated with many host plants in the family fabaceae and also in many other plant families such that it attacks about 50 crops in 19 different plant families 2. Assessment of field insect pests damage on cowpea in. P craccivora were reduced at 1 and 2% concentrations. In many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sapsucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly emerged cpa biotypes. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume aphid, is a true bug in the family aphididae. Aphid infestation was assessed weekly from 20 cowpea plants in the 2 central rows. Each was carefully inspected for infestation and the.
P damage, thrip population, maruca damage and pod sucking bug were generally low in this season. Bbmv was reported in faba bean crops in portugal, sudan, morocco, and algeria. Chickpeas are classified into two distinct types based on seed characteristics. Integrated management of cowpea insect pests using elite. Download pdf cavalier is a spineless burr medic with a relatively high percentage of soft seed compared to santiago. These insects directly damage the plants by sucking the phloem, and indirectly by virus transmission and excretion of excess carbohydrates from their diet of. General requirements chickpeas are coolseason legumes which are best grown as a winter crop in the tropics or as a spring or summer crop in temperate regions. The common bean, phaseolus vulgaris, is an herbaceous annual plant in the family fabaceae which is grown as a pulse and green vegetable. The aphids, either apterous or alate, are always parthenogenetic viviparous females.
Neem azalf as an inhibitor of growth and reproduction in the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch. While feeding, this aphid produces a considerable amount of honeydew upon which sooty mold can grow. Walpers, is a major dietary staple in tropical africa where it is most often cultivated. Apart from the direct damage to the crop, some of the. The feeding of this aphid on clover and alfalfa causes plant wilting as well as. When choosing a pesticide, consider information relating to air and water quality, resistance management, and the pesticides properties and application timing. Aphis craccivora causes direct damage by sucning plant sap and. The black bean aphid aphis fabae is a small black insect in the genus aphis, with a broad, soft body, a member of the order hemiptera. It is a polyphagous pest ovsyannikova and grichanov, 2009.
It is a major economic pest of groundnut and cowpea, particularly in the tropics, and a significant pest of mungbean vigna. Eggs develop within the mother and nymphs are born live. Host reaction to insect feeding are not characteristic but large populations on young plants can prevent their normal growth, affecting the blossom. These include the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, koch, flower bud thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti tromb, the legume pod borer, maruca vitrata fab, and a complex of pod sucking bugs among which are clavigralla. Acyrthosiphon kondoi, aphis craccivora, aulacorthum solani. The production is, however, greatly hampered by severe infestation and damage by insect pests including the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Bean trellises can be constructed easily using posts or a tripod arrangement of poles, wire and twine. We manufacture, process and export all types of crops from sudan. Handbooks for the identification of british insects 26. Desi chickpeas have a thick, colored seed coat and the surface of the seed is rough and angular whereas the kabuli type have white or beige seeds with a. Guest editorial pests and integrated pest management in. Cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid references originnal reference references links.
Polyphagous, with a preference for legumes economic importance. Evaluation of native soap local black soap for the control. Aphididae is commonly called as cowpea aphid, black legume aphid and groundnut aphid. In many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sapsucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly. Other common names include blackfly, bean aphid, and beet leaf aphid.
Plants exhibiting aphid damage can have a variety of symptoms, such as decreased growth rates, mottled leaves, yellowing, stunted growth, curled leaves, browning, wilting, low yields and death. Cowpea aphid, black legume aphid, groundnut aphid distribution. Morphtaxonomic analyses of 2009 aphid collections were carried out and the aphid was identified as aphis craccivora koch commonly called cowpea aphid. Chickpea crops in southern syria and northern jordan appear more prone to he. Twenty cowpea stands in the two middle rows were randomly selected and tagged. Resistance in alfalfa to aphis craccivora koch chilean journal of. See subspecies craccivora for additional information. Developed to extend the role of annual medics, particularly in phase pastures, where higher levels of soft seed will result in more densely regenerating second year pastures. Chickpea gram pea diseases and pests, description, uses.
It is well grown in nigeria, mainly in the sudan savannah belts rachie, 1985. Class insecta, order homoptera, suborder aphidinea, superfamily aphidoidea, family aphididae. On harming activity of groundnut aphid aphis craccivora koch. Identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea. An identification and information guide 223 aphis craccivora stroyan. Sometimes on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we can find this aphids. Biological activity of select plant and indigenous. The cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, is one of the most serious pests of legumes, such as faba bean, cowpea and pea 3. Bean diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. North carolina agricultural experiment station technical bulletin 255. Aphis craccivora, crop pest, entomopathogenic fungi, median lethal concentration introduction cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch is a threat to cowpea growers in all over the country. Observations commenced when the plants were 14 days old between 810 a. Description adult females are black, the apterae dorsally shiny. They attack several legumes in storage, chickpea cicer arietinum.
There were two significant associations between facultative symbiont and aphid food plant. This aphid known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. Worldwide in distribution, but particularly common in warm temperate and tropical regions. Protecting crops from bird damageblackbirds, gulls, geese, and other birds cause severe damage to sun.
Cowpea aphid on alfalfauc pest management guidelines. Identification and characterization of resistance to. The damage and bionomics of the aphid are briefly introduced. Population dynamics of aphis gossypii glover and aphis. The present investigation was carried out under the agroclimatic condition of manipur.
Damage is a combination of the feeding and contamination. Aphididae moraes and ramalho 1980 are serious crop pests in brazil. Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch homoptera. Results also revealed that mean damage by pod sucking bugs was highest in balanga 74.
The removal of sap creates a lack of vigour in the plant, and aphid saliva is toxic to plants. Relative efficacy of selected insecticides on cowpea aphid. Control of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. But more frequently this pest was noticed in severe form on cowpea and groundnut.
Southern sudan has tremendous agricultural potential, particularly in the high. Similarly, all the tested concentrations checked flower thrips. Within a few days, nymphs mature into reproductive adults and. Archives of phytopathology and plant protection, 406. Influence of certain agricultural practices on the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, infesting broad bean crops and the relation between the infestation and yield of plants in upper egypt. Originally of probable palearctic origin, it is now an invasive species of cosmopolitan distribution. The program covers damage to crops and commercial seedlings grown on agricultural land, crops that have been harvested for sale or further use but have not been removed from the agricultural land, orchard trees, nursery stock, apiaries, and livestock. Host odour preference of 405 olfactory response of cowpea.
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